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Unlike the disc itself, the retrodiscal tissue is vascular and highly innervated. The articular disc of the TMJ is a slim, oblong plate comprising coarse nonvascular connective cells located between the condyle of the jaw and mandibular fossa. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) comprises soft tissue (e.g., articular disc, capsule, intracapsular ligament, extracapsular ligament) and the osseous structure because of its complex anatomy and biomechanics, it is susceptible to pathological changes. Anterior disc displacement (ADD) occurs in people of all ages, with a high prevalence in women aged 20–40 years, resulting in clicking, joint pain, limited range of mouth opening, masticatory difficulty, mandible dysfunction, and so on. TMD affects up to 15% of adults, with a peak incidence at 20–40 years of age. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) comprise several oral and maxillofacial diseases and frequently occur in young and middle-aged individuals. They could be considered as promising biometric markers to assess the ADD. ConclusionĬV, CSA, SJS, and MJS were significantly associated with the different disc status, and the condyle in ADD exhibited 3-dimensionally altered dimensions. A multivariate logistic ordinal regression model showed that the CV, SJS (OR, 8.817 RC = 2.177 P < 0.001), and medial joint space (MJS) (OR, 1.492 RC = 0.400 P = 0.047) had a significantly impact on the groups. CSA presented a good diagnostic accuracy for ADDwR-ADDwoR (AUC = 0.813). Both CV and superior joint space (SJS) presented a good diagnostic accuracy for NADP-ADDwoR, and ADDwR-ADDwoR (AUC CV = 0.858 AUC SJS = 0.801).

The condylar volume (CV) and condylar superficial area (CSA) in the NADP, ADDwR, and ADDwoR groups exhibited obvious changes ( P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the interfering factors of ADD. Receiver-operating characteristic curve was plotted to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the morphological parameters. Multiple grouped comparisons of three different disc statuses were performed by Kruskal–Wallis H test and variance analysis respectively. Thirty-four patients were divided into three groups: normal articular disc position (NADP), anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR), and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR). This study investigated the association between ADD and the status of the mandibular condyle and articular fossa. Morphological study is a common approach in the field of anterior disc displacement (ADD) pathology however, analysis based on three-dimensional reconstructive imaging has not been investigated.

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